U.S. #2788
29¢ Little Women
Children’s Classics
Issue Date: October 23, 1993
City: Louisville, KY
Quantity: 37,550,000
Printed By: American Bank Note Co.
Printing Method: Lithographed and engraved
Perforations: 11
Color: Multicolored
Largely autobiographical, Little Women tells the story of four sisters growing up in New England in the 1800’s. Instantly popular with the public, this classic gave American juvenile fiction an enduring family story.
The daughter of noted philosopher and educational reformer Bronson Alcott, Louisa May Alcott was surrounded by the likes of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Henry David Thoreau - all individuals who helped shape her ideas of social reform. When her father’s idealistic ventures repeatedly failed, she began working to support her family.
A nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War, she described her experiences in her first successful book, Hospital Sketches. In 1867 she became the editor of Merry’s Museum, a magazine for young girls. At the urging of her publisher to create a book for girls, she wrote Little Women. Published in 1868-69, the book was an immediate success. Little Men (1871) and Jo’s Boys (1886) continued the story of the March family.
Birth Of Louisa May Alcott
Louisa May Alcott was born on November 29, 1832, in Germantown, Pennsylvania.
The second of four daughters, Louisa was born to social worker Abby May and educator Amos Bronson Alcott. When she was two, Alcott’s family moved to Boston where her father opened an experimental school. While there, he also joined the Transcendental Club with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Her father’s transcendentalist beliefs had a great impact on Alcott, making her strive for perfection throughout her life.
Throughout the early 1840s, the Alcott family moved several times before settling in a Concord homestead they named Hillside in 1845. While Alcott’s father was largely responsible for her education, she also learned a lot from his author friends, including Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Fuller.
Alcott’s family suffered financially, leading her to take jobs at an early age. She worked as a teacher, seamstress, governess, and writer. In fact, writing soon became her favorite hobby. In 1849, Alcott published her first book, Flower Fables, a collection of stories she wrote for Ellen, the daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
During the late 1840s, Alcott’s family home served as a safe house along the Underground Railroad, hiding a fugitive slave for a week. Alcott was also inspired by the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights and was the first woman to register to vote in her town.
In 1860, Alcott began working as a writer for the Atlantic Monthly. But when the Civil War broke the following year, she went to Washington, D.C., to serve as a nurse. She planned to work for three months as a nurse, but contracted typhoid. During her time as a nurse, Alcott sent letters home that were then published in Boston’s antislavery newspaper as Hospital Sketches. These stories gave Alcott her first widespread recognition for her writing.
Soon Alcott adopted the pen name A.M. Barnard and wrote a string of novels for adults including A Long Fatal Love Chase and Pauline’s Passion and Punishment. In 1867 she became the editor of Merry’s Museum, a magazine for young girls. At the urging of her publisher to create a book for girls, she wrote Little Women.
First published in 1868, Little Women tells of four sisters growing up in post-Civil War New England. Through an array of relatable characters, Alcott guides readers through the trials and tribulations often encountered by young women of her day. Additional challenges are posed by poverty and gender constraints of the time. But Alcott shows these struggles can be overcome as the girls grow from “little women” into successful adults.
Little Women was an immediate success. Instantly popular with the public, this classic gave American juvenile fiction an enduring family story. One reviewer called it, “the very best of books to reach the hearts of the young of any age from six to sixty.” Alcott continued the family’s story with Little Men (1871) and Jo’s Boys (1886). Over the course of her career, Alcott wrote about 270 works.
In her final years, Alcott suffered persistent health problems. She and some of her biographers believed it was mercury poisoning, stemming from a treatment she received for typhoid during the Civil War. But more recent researchers believe she may have had an autoimmune disease. Alcott died from a stroke on March 6, 1888, just two days after her father’s death. She was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts, on “Authors’ Ridge” near Emerson, Hawthorne, and Thoreau.
Famous Americans
In 1938, the Post Office Department announced plans for a series of stamps recognizing 10 famous Americans and invited the public to submit recommendations. The response was so great that it was decided to increase the number from 10 to 35. This required an unexpected level of organization by the Post Office Department for this series.
Seven categories were decided upon – authors, poets, educators, scientists, composers, artists, and inventors. Each category of five has the same set of denominations – 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 5¢, and 10¢. Each rate had a valid use. The 1¢ stamp paid for a letter that was dropped off at a post office to someone who had a box at the same office. The 2¢ was for local delivery. The 3¢ paid the normal non-local mail rate, and the 5¢ and 10¢ were used in combination for heavier letters and special rates. The denominations also shared a consistent coloring scheme: 1¢ is bright blue green; 2¢ is rose carmine; 3¢ is bright red violet; 5¢ is ultramarine; and 10¢ is dark brown.
Each category has its subjects arranged with the oldest birth date going on the 1¢ stamp, down to the most recent birth date on the 10¢ stamp. Each category has its own dedicated symbol in the engraving – a scroll, quill pen and inkwell for authors; a winged horse (Pegasus) for poets; the “Lamp of Knowledge” for educators; laurel leaves and the pipes of the Roman god Pan for composers; and inventors had a cogwheel with uplifted wings and a lightning flash to symbolize power, flight, and electricity.
The artists and the scientists have multiple symbols. Artists have either a paint palette and brush (for painters), and the sculptors have a stonecutting hammer and chisel. Scientists had the classical symbol of their particular profession.