U.S. #2179
20¢ Virginia Apgar
Great Americans Series
Issue Date: October 24, 1994
City: Dallas, TX
Quantity: 251,000,000
Printed By: Banknote Corporation of America
Printing Method: Engraved
Perforations: 11
Color: Red brown
Dr. Virginia Apgar (1909-74) was largely responsible for founding the field of neonatology, the area of medicine that specializes in premature and ill newborns. Apgar is best known as the developer of the Apgar test. Her method of assessing the health of newborn babies greatly reduced infant mortality worldwide. Apgar is pictured on the 20¢ Great Americans stamp.
Issued between 1980 and 1999, the Great Americans definitive series features 63 designs, making it the larges set of face different Regular Issue stamps issued in the 20th century. One stamp honors a couple (Lila and Dewitt Wallace) while the remaining 62 commemorate individuals.
The series is characterized by a standard definitive size, simple design and monochromatic colors. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced most of the stamps, but some were printed by private firms. Several stamps saw multiple printings. The result is many different varieties, with tagging being the key to understanding them.
March Of Dimes
On January 3, 1938, President Franklin Roosevelt established the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, later renamed the March of Dimes.
In the early 1900s, polio affected thousands of American children every summer. Found in contaminated food and water, it was easily transmitted and mostly affected children.
However, in 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracted polio at the age of 39, costing him the use of his legs. Roosevelt worked hard to keep his condition out of the public eye. However, he had a deep sympathy for the handicapped and sought to help them.
In 1926, Roosevelt founded the George Warm Springs Foundation (named after the warm springs he visited for therapeutic aid). Then on January 3, 1938, Roosevelt reconstituted the charity as the National Foundation for Infant Paralysis (NFIP). The NFIP was a non-partisan association of scientists and volunteers that worked to develop a polio vaccine and helped though with polio through their physical rehabilitation. The foundation also created a network of local chapters to raise money and distribute aid.
Initially, the NFIP raised funds at the annual President’s Birthday Ball, through donations from wealthy celebrities. But over time the number of children affected outpaced the fundraising. So President Roosevelt began appealing to the public to help. During one fundraiser, singer Eddie Cantor jokingly told the public to send dimes to the president, which helped inspire the term “March of Dimes.”
The people of America answered his call though, soon flooded the White House with 2,680,000 dimes and thousands of dollars in donations. The press called the public response, “a silver tide which actually swamped the White House.”
By Christmas, booths were set up in cities around the country where children could donate their dimes. Children were significant donors, claiming they wanted to help other children to get better.
By 1941, the March of Dimes raised enough funds to develop an iron lung, which helped polio patients breathe when they lost muscle control of their lungs. In 1946, the US produced an FDR dime to honor his life and his work for the March of Dimes. In 1949, the March of Dimes tasked Dr. Jonas Salk with developing a polio vaccine, which he achieved in 1955. Salk’s vaccine helped to decrease the number of polio cases per year from tens of thousands to just a handful.
Once polio had been defeated, the March of Dimes shifted their focus to birth defects prevention in 1958. In this new avenue, the March of Dimes began funding genetic research and helping to create birth defects treatment centers in hospitals around the country. They also helped to found the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California, which studies a variety of diseases.
During this era, Virginia Apgar was a leading figure in the March of Dimes. She was one of the first in the organization to discuss the issues of premature birth. She led a campaign for immunization against rubella, encouraged birth defects registries, and helped get genetic history and pregnancy history included in medical record keeping. It was also during Apgar’s time that the March of Dimes began to promote healthy pregnancies with the slogan “Be good to your baby before it is born.” In the years since the March of Dimes also added decreasing the rate of premature births to its mission.
Click here to learn more from the March of Dimes website.